BHP Billiton Limited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BHP Billiton Limited - Essay Example The concept of corporate governance can be defined as the procedures which are used to direct and control an organisation in alliance with its determined mission and vision. The extended role of corporate governance further exhibits a proper structure specifying the delegation of rights as well as the responsibilities bestowed upon the participants of an organisation including its board members, lower and middle level managers, stakeholders, shareholders and other interest groups (OECD 2005). The corporate governance comprises the three basic factors. In this context, it provides with adequate transparency in its decision-making process. Transparency in turn provides scope for accountability that entails the responsibilities of the decision makers within an organisation. It also provides accountability for the conservation of the concern with respect to the shareholders’ interests as well as the commitment of the organization towards its stakeholders. Indeed, accountants and o ther financial decision makers play a vital role in determining organizational effectiveness to mitigate such concerns through high degree of ethical commitments. Thus, it can be stated that the accounting theories and the corporate governance are interrelated as the underlying function of the corporate governance is to control organizational activities and the utilization of the corporate resources (Clark 2011). Based on this understanding, the objective of the paper reflects the corporate governance practices of BHP Billiton Limited (BHP) to alleviate the risk related to the corporate factor with further reasons to such conventions. Areas of Corporate Governance in BHP Billiton Limited to Alleviate the Risk of the Corporate Failure The corporate governance system practiced in BHP entails the approaches to provide the value that has been created on a long term basis complying with a high-quality governance framework (FRC 2012). The company believes that the governance must not be l imited to the Board, but it must be spread within the organisation. Through its governance system, BHP aims to foster a culture that values as well as awards the ethical standard prevailing in the organisation along with the personal and the corporate integrity and the standard to have respect deciphered aptly for its stakeholders on the whole. The company hereby aims to establish an appropriate ‘Code of Business Conduct’ for the employees, the suppliers and the customers constituting a major proportion of its stakeholders group. The application of these approaches related to the governance further attempt to foster the long-term goodwill of the company playing a major role to alleviate the risks of the corporate failure on the basis of accounting discrepancies (BHP Billiton 2012). Notably, the corporate governance structure of the company entails the diversified perspective of the Board of Directors. The structure in BHP comprises of the shareholders, the Board of Dire ctors, the functional committee, the Chief Executive Officers and the group management committee. The framed structure helps the company to

Foreign Policy from 1515-1529 in England Essay Example for Free

Foreign Policy from 1515-1529 in England Essay How Far do you agree that Foreign Policy failed from 1515-1529 failed to make England stronger as an international power? Initially, Henry and Wolsey created a reasonable foreign profile. They managed to maintain this for 10 years until 1525. However a massive decline occurred subsequently it wasnt long before the pair found themselves out of the Major League of European Countries and neither France nor Spain cared who it made allegiances with. England was at a disadvantage from the outset; with very limited resources compared to France and Spain. Alone England didnt stand much chance of survival and therefore it was vital that England formed alliances with other international powers. On august the 15th 1521, Henry VIII and Emperor Charles V formed a secret treaty known as The Treaty of Bruges. It provided for a joint invasion of France; primarily before March 1523. This in one respect merely defined the dependence Henry and Wolsey had upon Charles. This was mainly due to the reliance Englands economy beheld upon the Flanders Cloth Market. Nevertheless, the treaty never materialised and whilst she displayed and attempt to resolve this in autumn 1523, they could do little without the support of Charles V. There was a constant need to show his worthiness and match up to wealthier kings such as Francis I. Henrys favourite way was though extravagant wars. From 1511-1525 he spent an equivalent of 1.4 million on wars, whilst his annual income was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½110,000. This put England fundamentally on huge strains and it was up to Wolsey to turn this around. 1518, the Treaty of London prior to all discussed, a treaty of diplomatic importance influencing England to be noticed by other countries. This was a universal peace collective and signed by all major leaders. This gave England support from over countries and also made them noticed. It was a non aggressive treaty and agreed that none of the countries would attack one another, and if they were, they were support one another. This was Wolseys finest hour. It reflected glory upon Henry VIII, putting the pair in good terms with one another as well as with all other major countries. It also meant that if any country broke away from the treaty, then war would b veiled upon them. However, at the same time it wasnt entirely successful. It only lasted for a short time and inevitably war broke out from an alliance between Spain and England against France. Another very important affair to mention was the Field of The Cloth of Gold which occurred from June 7th to June 24th in 1520. It was a meeting between the two kings Henry VIII and Francis the I of France and its aim was to increase the bond between the two kings, furthering England profile internationally. Each kind tried to outdo the other. The proof of Henrys attempts was that in one month 2200 sheep were consumed. In the fields past the castle, 2800 tents were erected for less important visitors. Even though it made a great impression, politically it did very little. Hence the war previously discussed a year later. The decline of Wolseys success made England lose its profile it started with. In 1525 was the introduction of the Amicable Grant. When Wolsey tried to raise more money through the Amicable Grant it depicted the anger within England itself. Wolsey needed to raise taxes (1525) in order to cover the cost of taking France to war. However it was strongly opposed and subsequently Wolsey had to back down and reduce the payments for the 1523 subsidy 10,000 men converged in Lavenham. In summery this lost England support of Charles V which inevitability meant the only way was to make a peace treaty with France. The Treaty of More, in 1525. Meanwhile again Wolseys attempts failed. France undermined England and formed an alliance with Charles V leaving England no stronger than to begin with. A long term affect of this, is that it meant Henry lost his trust in Wolsey causing the downfall in 1529. As well very importantly was Henrys divorce to Catherine of Aragon and its international relevance. Catherines nephew was Charles V, a may with great power. He threatened the Pope to not go ahead with the annulment. Wolsey was in a predicament, if he allowed the annulment his own life was in risk, but the time he wasted trying to decide one way another outraged Henry emphatically. So much so that Henry stripped him from his title.

Yahoo! Inc. Essay examples -- Business Marketing Case Studies

Yahoo! Inc. is a global Internet communications, commerce, and media company that offers a comprehensive branded network of services to more than 120 million users each month worldwide. As the first online navigational guide to the World Wide Web, www.yahoo.com is the leading guide in terms of traffic, advertising, household, and business user reach, and is one of the most recognized brands associated with the Internet. The company also provides online business services designed to enhance Yahoo!'s clients' Web services, including audio and video streaming, store hosting and management, and Web site tools and services. The company's global Web network includes 21 World properties. Yahoo! has offices in Europe, the Asia Pacific, Latin America, Canada and the United States, and is headquartered in Santa Clara, California. Yahoo! was developed and first made available in 1994 by the Company's founders, David Filo and Jerry Yang, while they were graduate students at Stanford University. The Company was incorporated in California on March 5, 1995, and commenced operations on that date. On May 18, 1999 the Company reincorporated in Delaware. In August 1995, the company commenced selling advertisements on its Web pages and recognized its initial revenues. The company experienced dramatic growth providing broadcast media, communications, and commerce services. Yahoo! completed several major acquisitions including GeoCities, an Internet company specializing in publishing tools and online communities, and Broadcast.com inc., an Internet company specializing in audio and video broadcasts over the Web. These acquisitions as well as many other ones have helped Yahoo! diversify the properties and services it offers to its clients, helping to establish it as a one-of-a-kind, all encompassing web portal. Yahoo! is the number-one destination of users of the Internet the world over. With over 110 million unique users and 485 million average daily page views during December 1999, Yahoo! has clearly proven its ability to attract Web users like moths to light. With Yahoo!'s customizable services available in the U.S. and in 21 countries in 12 languages, Yahoo! users worldwide can pay their bills, track their stock portfolios, purchase virtually any product imaginable, and find a host of other services including email and chat rooms, all within the virtual borders of the prime ... ... for the short-term it still faces possible downside. As good as Yahoo!’s prospects are for the future, with all of its new sources of revenue as well as with the new pay services it is implementing, Yahoo! still faces near term uncertainty for shareholders. With all of the market turmoil over the possibility of recession and economic downturn, Yahoo!’s current instability leaves it with room for a greater decrease in share price. I do however believe that over the long term Yahoo! has a strong outlook and will perform well for its shareholders. Although compelling at these levels, I would not buy shares in Yahoo! for the short term, as in the next 6 months I don’t see any improvement in Yahoo!’s finances. I would therefore buy a July-01 Put on Yahoo (Symbol: YHQSF), with the exercise price of $30, based on Friday February 23rd’s closing price of $25.43. This Put is $4.57 â€Å"in the money† and its last trade went through at 9 and 7/8. T his is less than the value computed by Black-Scholes of 11 and 1/64. I believe that over the next few months, Yahoo!’s shares will be trading below the current market price of $25.43, therefore making the Put a profitable investment with minimal risk.

Child Abuse for Human Sexuality Class Essay

This was a very sad documentary. It’s sad that a child ever goes through something like that. It’s sad that because of abuse from someone else, they feel they need to abuse others. It’s sad that they don’t know how to love or let others love them. I wish that things were different in this world. I know it happens a lot though. I’ve seen and heard about several cases like this and even met some of the children; because my aunt worked for Head Start (they work with CPS), and because a couple of my ex-boyfriends were in situations like this. One of their adopted parents was a foster parent to several children who came from abusive parents. Also I live three houses down from a family with quite a few foster children. I’ve also had a few friends that were abused when they were little and then adopted. One of these friends had to go through a lot of therapy and counseling for some of the emotional scaring. This helped, but would never make him forget what had happened to him. He was not a very trusting or loving person toward anyone, and could be very aggressive and abusive if provoked even by the smallest thing. Self-esteem is one of the most important things a child can have and get from their caregivers, and it is also a very hard thing to change from negative to positive. When parents are abusive the child almost definitely will have a negative self-esteem. This causes life long problems for any child. This world is a scary place and to think that some children are born into families where they can’t feel safe makes it a sad place too. I wish things were different, but since they aren’t we just have to hope that we can help as many people as possible and get children out of these situations as soon as possible.

Reaction Paper to Pre-Spanish Colonization

Reaction Paper to Pre-Spanish Colonization When I chose to enroll into the PHST 30 course, I really only had one intention for being in this class, and that is it is a CSU transferable class. All of my life I have considered myself to be a Filipino-American, although I was born and raised here in the United States. I never really knew much about Philippine history and I am actually glad that I am learning a little bit more in each class session. During Pre-Spanish colonization, I found some major concerns regarding my feelings towards some of the laws that were in effect in those days. For example with the poor people who were not allowed to have more than one child and if they did, their newborn baby would be thrown into the river. What gives the government the right to make a decisi on for a couple who want to have a bigger family? Back then people also could not be lazy; if they chose to be lazy, they were severely punished. If that were the case now, millions of people would be punished a day. Another example is that men drank back then to prove their masculinity to women. It was really amusing to me that a popular liquor back then was Lambanoag because I have drank that now, and it is no longer just for men to drink. Another aspect of Pre-Spanish colonization was that men were to work while the women stayed home and took care of all of the household duties. It is really unfair to women that they are obligated to stay home because what if they wanted to work, they just couldn’t.

Dissection of the Song H by Tool †English Essay

Dissection of the Song H by Tool – English Essay Free Online Research Papers Dissection of the Song H by Tool English Essay The reason I picked this song is that Tool has become my favorite band over the past year and I have never heard or read a definitive answer as to what this song is exactly about. When introducing this song at a concert in London, Maynard James Keenan (Tool’s lyricist) said that this song is about choices. While you could say that about almost any song, I think this song is about making a choice between letting someone in your life or shutting that person out altogether. You might love them, but in some way they hurt you and so it’s a very hard decision to make. Lines 1-2: â€Å"What’s coming through is alive. What’s holding up is a mirror.† I’m not sure what these lines mean. The singer is possibly looking in a mirror, and maybe he sees the snake behind him. Lines 3-4: â€Å"But what’s singing songs is a snake. Looking to turn this piss to wine.† The snake is someone the singer loves but the person is detrimental to him. I think â€Å"Looking to turn this piss to wine† is a general expression for wanting to make a good situation out of a bad one. Lines 5-6: â€Å"They’re both totally void of hate, but killing me just the same.† I’m not sure what the word both refers to, possibly the mirror and the snake. However, they both do not have hatred for the singer, so their actions are not spiteful. Lines 7-8: â€Å"The snake behind me hisses What my damage could have been.† Snakes hiss in warning, and I think the snake is letting the singer know its about to strike. Lines 9-10: â€Å"My blood before me begs me Open up my heart again.† The singer’s heart tells him to try to help the person out again, or to allow the person back in his life. Lines 11-12: â€Å"And I feel this coming over like a storm again. Considerately.† A storm is brewing, as the singer knows its trouble to be involved with this person. Lines 13-16: â€Å"Venomous voice, tempts me, Drains me, bleeds me, Leaves me cracked and empty. Drags me down like some sweet gravity.† The person is very appealing to the singer, but every time he gives in to the person’s wishes he is dragged down once again by the person’s fault. Lines 22-26: â€Å"I am too connected to you to Slip away, to fade away. Days away I still feel you Touching me, changing me, And considerately killing me.† Time has past, but the person is still on the singer’s mind and is still influencing him. He may be trying to forget the person but he cannot. â€Å"Considerately killing me† refers to the singer’s heart being broken by this person, but not out of spite. The person isn’t meaning to hurt him, yet he does. Lines 27-30: â€Å"Without the skin, Beneath the storm, Under these tears The walls came down.† Possibly the snake is shedding his skin, thus making it appear as if he’s changed. So the singer lets the walls that he has built up to protect him from this person come down. Lines 31-34: â€Å"And the snake is drowned and As I look in his eyes, My fear begins to fade Recalling all of those times.† The person no longer resembles a snake, so the singer is less fearful of getting hurt again. The singer does remember all of the times he has been hurt by this person though. Lines 35-36: â€Å"I could have cried then. I should have cried then.† The singer hasn’t cried over the times in the past when he was hurt by person, although maybe he felt bad enough to cry. Lines 37-44: â€Å"And as the walls come down and As I look in your eyes My fear begins to fade Recalling all of the times I have died And will die. It’s all right. I don’t mind.† The singer realizes that he can’t change this person. He concludes that he is willing to take the pain this person causes in order to have them in his life. Other Notes: The working title for this song was â€Å"Half-Empty†. Tool could not decide between â€Å"Half-Empty† and â€Å"Half-Full† so they chose to call this song â€Å"H†. This song could be about a father and son. Possibly the son is the snake and is on drugs and won’t get his life together. Or maybe the son is singing and the father abused him. These are just some possibilities, however in some interviews Keenan has been very vocal about a dislike for his stepfather. It has been speculated that Tool’s song â€Å"Prison Sex†, which is about child abuse, could have been a real-life experience for Keenan. And that would lead some to believe that â€Å"H† is Maynard singing about his father. As I said, all of this is speculation, none of it is proven nor confirmed by the band. Questions Q. What does the snake represent? A. The snake represents a person who the singer loves but this person hurts him. Evidence could also point towards the snake representing a drug. Q. What does the first two lines mean? A. I’m not sure on this, although I gave a possible answer when I analyzed the lines. The singer could be looking into a mirror, seeing his anger, hate, or his love coming through it in such a passionate way that it seems alive. Q. Why is â€Å"considerately† used to explain how the person is â€Å"killing† the singer? A. â€Å"Killing† represents hurting, and the person is hurting the singer, but not necessarily meaning to. Alcoholics, drug abusers, etc are rarely doing what they do to hurt their family, yet they still do. Q. What does â€Å"Looking to turn this piss to wine† (Keenan 4) mean? A. I think the singer is wishing for a better situation then the one he is in. Q. What does the word â€Å"both† refer to in line 5? A. It’s definitely referring to the snake, but I’m not sure what else. Its either the mirror, in which case the singer is saying he is void of hate, or his could be whatever is coming through that is alive, which might be his emotions for the person, in which case they are void of hate for the snake. The snake definitely has no hatred, hence â€Å"considerately† being used to describe the actions towards the singer. This song, like almost every song Tool has written, is very complex. The whole song can be interpreted as being about forgiveness, or deciding between two less than perfect choices. It’s about being very close to someone who is tearing you apart, someone you can’t bring yourself to leave, but someone who will destroy you because you can’t leave him or her. It’s the price you pay for being close to them; they aren’t doing it on purpose. I think most people experience something like this at least at certain points in their life. What it is saying is that everyone has to deal with double-edged swords in life; you’ve just got to make the best decision for yourself. No matter what choice you make, you’ve got to be willing and able to bear the consequences. Research Papers on Dissection of the Song H by Tool - English EssayHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West MeetThe Spring and AutumnMind TravelMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

7 Most Common Mistakes on ACT Math How to Avoid Them

7 Most Common Mistakes on ACT Math How to Avoid Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips I've tutored many students on the ACT Math section, and they often found it frustrating. Some struggled because they considered themselves better English students and felt overwhelmed by the content and pacing of ACT Math. Others found that even though they considered themselves strong math students, they had a hard time getting the score they wanted in the ACT Math section. But allthese students typically madethe same types of mistakes. In this article, I’ll go over the seven most common mistakes students make on the ACT Math section and how to avoid them. Mistake #1: Skipping Steps ACT Math questions can be very sneaky.Problems can appear at first glance deceptively easy because they only require you to know basic math topics. However, the ACT questions ask for you to apply this basic knowledge in unique ways and often require you to run through several steps to get to the correct answer.If you don’t write out these steps, you can easilyend up with the wrong answer. For example, check out this ACT Math question: I’m going to admit that the first time I attempted this I got it wrong because I did not write down my steps!Hopefully, you’ll learn from my mistake.Together, we will write out the steps and get to the correct answer. There are 4 questions with 3 possible answers, and only 1 of the 3 answer choices will be correct. Therefore, for each question, Elliott has a ${1}/{3}$ chance of answering correctly.Since there are 4 questions, Elliot’s chances of answering all 4 correctly at random are$({1}/{3})({1}/{3})({1}/{3})({1}/{3})$which equals ${1}/{81}$, so the correct answer is E. Initially, I tried to do this problem in my head without writing any steps down. Because I didn't write anythingdown, Imistakenly thought there were four possible answer choices for each question instead of three. Therefore, I got the wrong answer, ${1}/{256}$. Thankfully, my answer wasn't one of the answer choices, so I caught my mistake, but I would have missed the questionotherwise. Don’t miss problems because you didn’t write out all of the steps.This is arguably the easiest mistake to fix.All you need to do is write out all your steps, and you’ll never accidentally miss a problem because you skipped a step!Learn from my silly mistake! Mistake #2: Forgetting Formulas The ACT doesn’t give you any formulas.However, you’ll need to use a lot of formulas to answer questions in the ACT Math section.You need to know these math formulas to answer the questions correctly.We’ve compiled a complete list of all the formulas you need to know for ACT Math. You need to memorize these formulas.Create flashcards to help you memorize.I cannot stress enough how important memorizing formulas is.You’ll see at least 10 questions (out of 60) on the ACT Math section that you will not be able to answer without knowing formulas. Check out this ACT Math question that you couldn’t answer without knowing the formula: If you didn't have yourtrigonometry formulas memorized (SOHCAHTOA), you would have no idea how to answer this question. It's impossible to answer this question without knowing the formula for the tangent of an angle since that is the value you're trying to find. If you remember your trigonometry formulas, you know that the tangent of an angle is the opposite/adjacent.For this question, you need to find the tangent of angle B.The adjacent side for angle B is 2, which means it is our denominator.This means we can eliminate answer choices H, J, and K. However, you cannot find the final answer without also knowing the formula for thePythagorean Theorem.You need to know the Pythagorean Theorem in order to find the measureof the missing side of the triangle, the opposite side to angle B. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, you can find this missing side measure. $$a^2+b^2=c^2$$ $$a^2+2^2=5^2$$ $$a^2+4=25$$ $$a^2=21$$ $$a=√{21}$$ The opposite side will be $√{21}$, and we know that our adjacent side is 2. The final answer is F, ${√{21}}/{2}$. Mistake #3: Not UnderstandingFunctions Functions tend to be one of the hardest concepts, if not the hardest concept, for most students. Students are usually less familiar with algebraic and/or trigonometric functions than they are with other math concepts such as fractions and percentages. Some students have completely forgotten functions or never learned them in the first place. To master the ACT math section, you need to be a whiz at functions. See this ACT Math function question: To answer this question, you need to know the rules of trigonometric functions andtranslations. You will not be able to answer this question without knowing these rules. You first need to use your knowledge of trigonometric functions to read the graph, and then, you need to apply your knowledge of translations rules to find the final answer. First, you need to be able to identify which function is $sin(x)$ and which is$sin(x+a)+b$ on the graph since they're not identified for you.If you know your trigonometric functions, you know that the y-intercept of$sin(x)$ is 0, meaning the graph of$sin(x)$ crosses through the origin. Therefore, the other functionmust be$sin(x+a)+b$. Once you've correctly identified which function is which, you need to figure out how$y=sin(x)$ was changed to make$y=sin(x+a)+b$, which is where your translation knowledge comes in. Based on the given information in the question, you know the two have the same maximum values, meaning the amplitude was not changed.By looking at the graph you can tell$y=sin(x)$ was shiftedto the left or right to make$y=sin(x+a)+b$, but it was not moved up or down. Since there was no up or down movement, b must equal zero since any change in b would cause$y=sin(x)$ to move up or down. Therefore, the answer must be A, but let's check by figuring out what a should be. Because$y=sin(x)$ repeats itself infinitely, you can shift it either to the left or right to create the new function$y=sin(x+a)+0$.Therefore, $a$ could be positive or negative (for example, ${-3Ï€}/{2}$ or ${Ï€}/{2}$, but it could not equal zero, so A is the correct answer. If you've forgotten functions, then you need to review. You must review all math concepts that you’re rusty on in order to succeed on ACT Math.Lucky for you, we’ve written specific ACT Math content guides to help you study any individual ACT Math content area that you might be struggling with, fromtrigonometric functions totranslations,ratios to rotations, points to probabilities and much more. Mistake #4:Panicking at Unfamiliar Question Formats The ACT sometimes asks questions in strange ways, which can scare a lot of students. I had many students who, even though they'd reviewed all of the math content areas, wouldread the question and rather than trying to figure it out would just freak out and give up. The question below is one that presents an unfamiliar question format. You’ll likely recognize it as an algebra question, and if you were asked to find the solutions forx (had you been given numerical values of m and n), you’d likely know how to answer that question.However, instead, this question tells you the valueof x and asks you to figure out what m and n are. Let’s work through this problem together: If the only possible solution for x is -3, that means the given equation can also be represented as $(x-y)^2=0$.We need to figure out what y is in order to find out what m and n are. If $(x-y)^2=0$, then you can separate it into $(x-y)(x-y)=0$.For this to be true, x-y has to equal 0. $$x-y=0$$ The question told us that the only solution for x is -3, so we plug that in and solve: $$-3-y=0$$ $$-y=3$$ $$y=-3$$ Now that we know the value of y, we plug it back into $(x-y)^2=0$ and then multiply and simplify to figure out what m and n are: $$(x-(-3))^2=0$$ $$(x+3)^2=0$$ $$(x+3)(x+3)=0$$ $$x^2+3x+3x+9=0$$ $$x^2+6x+9=0$$ Therefore, $m=6$, so the answer is C. There is no easy solution to this type of mistake.The only way to learn from this mistake is with practice.ACT Math questions are unlike the math questions you usually see in math class. They are much trickier. I recommend taking as many practice ACT testsas you can in order to get used to the style of ACT math questions.You need to train yourself to be able to solve math questions in this new way. Mistake #5: Solving for the Wrong Value As I just said, ACT Math questions can be tricky.They are tricky not only because they ask you to apply basic skills in new ways but also because they sometimes phrase questions in weird, convoluted ways. Althoughthe ACT is often called the more straightforward test in comparison to the SAT (or at least in comparison to the old SAT),some ACT Math questions are far from straightforward.Take for example this question: The question is basically asking how the surface area will change if you double the length, width and height.However, if you misread the question, you could easilyjump to the incorrect conclusion that the surface area was doubled, and the answer is A. Given the formula for surface area, $A=2lw+2lh+2wh$, if we double $l$, $w$, $h$, the new surface area would be $$SA=2(2l)(2w)+2(2l)(2h)+2(2w)(2h)$$ $$SA=2(4lw)+2(4lh)+2(4h)$$ That can be written as $$SA=4(2lw+2lh+2wh)$$ When that is compared to the original $SA=2lw+2lh+2wh$, you can see it’s 4 times the original, so the answer is B. Take your time.I know you don’t have a lot of time on the ACT Math section, but you need to read each question completely and make sure that you know what you’re being asked.The ACT Math section will always throw you an answer choice that will seem correct if you misread the question.They are trying to tempt you to answer incorrectly.Don’t fall for it! Mistake #6: Incorrectly Using Your Calculator You need to be careful with your calculator.It’s a great tool, but to quote the Spiderman comics, â€Å"With great power comes great responsibility.†It’s very easy to feel rushed during the ACT Math questions, and, in your hurry to find the answer, you type the wrong number(s) into your calculator and, therefore, come to the wrong answer. Now, this is typically one of the better mistakes to make on this list because if you type in the wrong number(s) you’ll likely find no matching answer in the ACT answer choices, and you’ll realize you made a mistake. However, you don’t want to be making this mistake.Even if you catch your mistake because there is no matching answer choice, you’ve still cost yourself valuable time that you could have been using to answer another question.Take the time to check that you’ve copied the numbers into your calculator correctly. Type carefully! Mistake #7: Not Pacing Yourself With only 60 minutes to answer 60 questions, you need to learn to pace yourself. To determineyour pacing, you need to first figure out your target score. The questions progress from easy to hard, so no matter what score you're aiming for always attempt the questions chronologically. If you're aiming for a score higher than 30, then you're going to need to answer all or almost all of the 60 questions. That means you must spend under 1 minute per question on the first 30 questions to save time for the harder end questions. If you're aiming for a score below 30, then you can afford to skip some questions. Determine how many questions you need to answer to reach your score and then pace according to that amount of questions. For example, if you're aiming for 20, then you only need to get 32 math questions right. You can allow yourself a minute and a half per question, and you should attempt the first 40-45 questions and skip the hardest ones at the end. Simply choose a random letter and bubble that in for the ones you skip, since there is no penalty for guessing. I won’t go into detail because we have another great guide on how to stop running out of time on ACT Math and how to take advantage of the easy to hard question order. However, I will say to truly master the pacing you need to take many practice tests under realistic conditions.Don’t give yourself even one extra minute on your practice tests because this can artificially inflate your score. Stick to 60 minutes for the ACT Math section. What’s Next? Now that you know the most common mistakes on ACT Math, you might want to take a look at our specific ACT Math content guides to help you study any individual ACT Math content area that you might be struggling with, from ratios to rotations, points to probabilities. Stuck on an ACT Math problem? We'll show you how to figure out when you're really stuck and what to do about it. Want additional help with ACT Math? Don’t sweat it. We've compiled all ourbest free ACT Math guides into one ultimate ACT math study guide. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Andro- The Prefix Thats All Man

Andro- The Prefix Thats All Man Andro- The Prefix Thats All Man Andro- The Prefix Thats All Man By Sharon Andro- derives from the Greek andros (man) and denotes anything thats male or masculine (and you thought that was testosterone 🙂 ) Its given us several words, many of them scientific or biological: andranatomy the dissection or structure of the male body androcentric regarding men as being primary or central androcephalic having a mans head upon an animals body androcracy political rule by men androcyte a male sex cell androgen a steroid/hormone that promotes the development male sexual organs and characteristics androgynous having both male and female characteristics; also applies in botany. Dont confuse this with androgenous, a biological term which means producing male offspring only android a robot that looks like a human andrology the study of diseases that affect men (sometimes called andriatry or andriatics) andromorphous having a mans shape androsterone a steroid hormone produced by men Find many more examples here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases16 Misquoted QuotationsHyphenation in Compound Nouns

Marks & Spencer Marketing in the United Kingdom Research Paper

Marks & Spencer Marketing in the United Kingdom - Research Paper Example As a result of this, the customers are naturally becoming more and more demanding in nature with respect to their specific needs for new and innovative products and services. This is in return creating a major pressure in the local markets around the world, and is eventually resulting in the way getting paved for the development of markets that are present in the new and emerging economies. The emergence of new markets in the developing economies is playing a major role in increasing the level of competition in the marketplaces all over the world. In an attempt to attain a significant level of competitive advantage in the global as well as the local marketplace, companies are seriously focusing on the process of generation of value for the consumers while keeping a stringent eye on the quality of the product or service that is being provided and delivered to the customers. This brings into focus the importance of conducting an in-depth analysis of the marketing exercises that are bei ng conducted by some of the highly popular global organizations for the purpose of communicating the value of their products or services to the customers. Hence, in an attempt to understand the process of marketing in a more detailed and enhanced manner, this project has been undertaken. The project is multi-faceted in nature. The first part of the project will focus on the process of researching and understanding of the theories related to marketing orientation and on the various factors related to marketing mix. The next part of the project will draw its focus to selecting a specific organization which has a highly diversified its product portfolio and has its presence in multiple countries and markets around the world. The third part of the project will concentrate on studying the product marketing strategies and campaigns that are applied by the selected organization and simultaneously relating the theoretical concepts for a proper analysis of the successfully executed strategie s of the organization. Theoretical Representation Marketing Marketing is a broad term that is used in the context of creating, distributing, communicating and generating value for the customers of a particular segment, in a specific locality, region or marketplace. In broader terms, it is highlighted as a part of the overall process of organizational management that involves identifying, understanding, estimating and finally fulfilling the customers’ needs and wants while effectively utilizing the available resources like manpower, finance etc. That belongs to the firm or the organization. It can be said that, by fulfilling the needs of the customers of a specific market, the companies focus on generating financial returns for the firm, which, in turn, helps to attain sustainable growth in the long term (Wright, 1999, p.13-14). Marketing Orientation It can be said that the marketing approach is a style or approach that is practiced a great deal in the process of value communi cation exercises conducted by the firms today. It is important to state that the marketing

Blue Velvet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blue Velvet - Essay Example The premise of the film being a horror fits into the niche of film noir. Acceding to Dancynger film noir "highlights the world of the nightmare, it tends to rely less on movement and pace.' (Technique of film and Video Editing (p 175) I chose to use the word intellectual as part of the theme because film noir has an abstract side to it which encompasses my intellectual basis regarding the film. and considering the theme to be one of intellectual horror. The foundation of the movie revolves around the dark side of human nature, which combines both horror and intellect. To be more specific regarding the film and its theme if the theme is an intellectual horror which theme certainly includes the dark side of human nature and that is the main reason I have identified the theme of Blue Velvet to be an intellectual horror. The thematic montage is one of angst and the dark side of human nature that it stems from. The recurring image of the home is Lynch's way of introducing the theme each t ime the image of the home appears. Many objects are discovered out of sequence during the film. Here is a list of images Used by Lynch to emphasize the theme.

Critique of a research report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critique of a report - Research Paper Example 193). Due to a variety of factors such as failure to meet academic guidelines, escalating cost of education, and economic crisis, attrition to nurse anesthesia programs requires attention. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2004) recommended advance practitioners such as nurse anesthetist to have Doctor of Nursing Practice as a terminal degree(Burns, 2011, p. 193). In line with this, reinforcing the need for studying different variables in nurse anesthesia programs and academic progression increased. Despite a 20-year review of the literature, only descriptive or outcome studies were found to demonstrate the relationship between preadmission variables and academic progression. The research paper lacks empirical studies and evidences linking preadmission variables, academic progression, and attrition. Thus, limited number of available information and literature reviews requires the need for future researches. The research paper aims to study the relationship between admi ssion criteria, critical care, and academic progression to nurse anesthesia programs.

Contractual Issues, Breach of Contract and Remedial Measures Assignment

Contractual Issues, Breach of Contract and Remedial Measures - Assignment Example As per the common law of Australia, contractual obligations are mutually agreed upon by the party or parties signed the contract. This is considered to be the mutual consensus of one or more parties. In implied contract or quasi-contract, some of the terms are not expressed in writing. Take the example of an electrician who visits a house for electrification work. The owner of the house is a person who agrees to pay the fee for the services rendered by the electrician. If he/she (owner of the house) refuses to pay the reasonable fee or decided fee, it means that the landlord breached the contract or quasi-contract, thus providing an opportunity to the aggrieved person to knock at the door of a competent court of law for remedy or justice.  Following are the important components of a contract (Heffey, et al, 2002):†¢ Party or parties should have the capacity to execute contract†¢ Contract must be lawful†¢ Form of contract must be legal†¢ Party or parties to estab lish legal relationship†¢ Party or   parties must have consent for the specific performance commercial contract, both the parties have to take into account the following ingredients :  In commercial contract, both the parties have to take into account the following ingredients:†¢ Delivery date†¢ Price†¢ Terms of payment†¢ Mode of payment†¢ Date of payment†¢ Items to be delivered†¢ Type of service to be provided without meeting one of the above conditions, an offer of sale does not consider a valid legal offer.... Breach of contract may be actual or anticipatory in nature (Barron, 2006). Here in our case under discussion, Georgia is responsible for not performing her duties to the entire satisfaction of her client. Her action defeats the very purpose of caring pet rabbit and tropical fish of Malcolm. Had she not provided wrong feeds to fish and rabbit the specific task assigned as per the contract would be fulfilled in its true spirit. The negligence in performing the assigned obligations by Malcolm to Georgia attracts damages or monetary compensation from the service provider. This indicates cause of action against Georgia since due to her action, the life of an expensive tropical fish worth thousands of dollars comes to an end although there is a clause in the agreement that Georgia should not be held accountable for â€Å"death or illness of tropical fish due to specific vulnerabilities†. Further, the rabbit, an award winning pet animal, may not lose hair due to negligible performanc e. In accordance with the section 4F entitled â€Å"Reference to Purpose or Reason† and section 4K relating to â€Å" Loss or damage to include injury† of Competition and Consumer Act-2010, Malcolm may file damages suit against Georgia for monetary compensation for the losses occurred due to irresponsible attitude of Georgia in the competent court of law. We quote here relevant sections of Competition and Consumer Act-2010 for ease of reference: 4F References to purpose or reason (1) For the purposes of this Act according to Comlaw (2011): (a) That Provision of a contract, arrangement or understanding or of a proposed contract, arrangement or understanding, or a covenant or a proposed covenant, shall be deemed to

Reliability, Maintainability, and Supportability of COTS Research Paper

Reliability, Maintainability, and Supportability of COTS - Research Paper Example The use of COTS is wide spread across many business and governmental programs; this is because these products offer significant savings in maintenance, procurement and development. The motivation behind the usage of COTS a component includes reduced maintenance cost in the long run and hopes that the overall system cost and development, this is because components can be licensed or bought instead of developing them. COTS were considered remedies for intractable problems during the 1990s. COTS development came into being with tradeoffs which were not so obvious. An example been initial and development cost and time which not so much a problem can be reduced but at the expense of another. Such as depending on a third party who is to lease components and increase in the integration of software component works. Software specifications are encrypted externally so government agencies view that in the long run when changes are done to the product compatibility will be a hindrance (McKinney 23). COTS reliability can be verified using an analysis and reliability estimation technique applicable to high level designs. The technique is known as Scenario-Based Reliability Estimation (SBRE). SBRE is specific for COTS whose analysis is purely based on executable scenarios. While using scenarios, we construct a probability model known as Component Dependency Graph (CDG). These are graphs which represent component reliability, components, interface and link reliability, transition probabilities, transitions, components average time of execution. In CDG, components link and interface reliabilities are given focus as the first class elements to be put in the model. The reliability of the application is analyzed by an algorithm presented its analysis also include; reliability of its interface and components. The SBRE algorithm identifies critical component interface and critical components by interpolating the sensitivity of the application reliability to changes in the interface and components. To ensure a software application is reliable is a difficult task even if it was commercially pretested therefore, there has been the emergence of several techniques for analysis and estimation of components based application reliability. And they are categorized as: Component Based Reliability Estimation - the reliability of the application is estimated using the individual’s components reliability and interconnection mechanism. System Level Reliability Estimation – applications reliability is estimated as a whole. For example using system level architecture evaluation or system testing (Ammar, H , et al, 2004) Underestimating the technical risk associated with evaluation, integration and selection of software components can result to high maintenance/development cost and long schedule delays. Trends in computer based products, such as mobile phones and vehicles, is shorter lifecycles and shorter. Therefore, time spent on the development of new versions of a product or new products must be reduced. A solution to one of the emerging problems is reusing of solutions and software designs in new versions of products and systems. Properly handling reuse will greatly improve the reliability since the code is executed in a different context and longer time. However, reuse is not trivial; it puts strong demands on the methods of development in order to achieve success. Reuse

Contractual Issues, Breach of Contract and Remedial Measures Assignment

Contractual Issues, Breach of Contract and Remedial Measures - Assignment Example As per the common law of Australia, contractual obligations are mutually agreed upon by the party or parties signed the contract. This is considered to be the mutual consensus of one or more parties. In implied contract or quasi-contract, some of the terms are not expressed in writing. Take the example of an electrician who visits a house for electrification work. The owner of the house is a person who agrees to pay the fee for the services rendered by the electrician. If he/she (owner of the house) refuses to pay the reasonable fee or decided fee, it means that the landlord breached the contract or quasi-contract, thus providing an opportunity to the aggrieved person to knock at the door of a competent court of law for remedy or justice.  Following are the important components of a contract (Heffey, et al, 2002):†¢ Party or parties should have the capacity to execute contract†¢ Contract must be lawful†¢ Form of contract must be legal†¢ Party or parties to estab lish legal relationship†¢ Party or   parties must have consent for the specific performance commercial contract, both the parties have to take into account the following ingredients :  In commercial contract, both the parties have to take into account the following ingredients:†¢ Delivery date†¢ Price†¢ Terms of payment†¢ Mode of payment†¢ Date of payment†¢ Items to be delivered†¢ Type of service to be provided without meeting one of the above conditions, an offer of sale does not consider a valid legal offer.... Breach of contract may be actual or anticipatory in nature (Barron, 2006). Here in our case under discussion, Georgia is responsible for not performing her duties to the entire satisfaction of her client. Her action defeats the very purpose of caring pet rabbit and tropical fish of Malcolm. Had she not provided wrong feeds to fish and rabbit the specific task assigned as per the contract would be fulfilled in its true spirit. The negligence in performing the assigned obligations by Malcolm to Georgia attracts damages or monetary compensation from the service provider. This indicates cause of action against Georgia since due to her action, the life of an expensive tropical fish worth thousands of dollars comes to an end although there is a clause in the agreement that Georgia should not be held accountable for â€Å"death or illness of tropical fish due to specific vulnerabilities†. Further, the rabbit, an award winning pet animal, may not lose hair due to negligible performanc e. In accordance with the section 4F entitled â€Å"Reference to Purpose or Reason† and section 4K relating to â€Å" Loss or damage to include injury† of Competition and Consumer Act-2010, Malcolm may file damages suit against Georgia for monetary compensation for the losses occurred due to irresponsible attitude of Georgia in the competent court of law. We quote here relevant sections of Competition and Consumer Act-2010 for ease of reference: 4F References to purpose or reason (1) For the purposes of this Act according to Comlaw (2011): (a) That Provision of a contract, arrangement or understanding or of a proposed contract, arrangement or understanding, or a covenant or a proposed covenant, shall be deemed to

Research based behavior management system Paper

Based behavior management system - Research Paper Example Belvel (2010) argues that teachers should transit their roles from classroom managers to classroom leaders as the first step in adopting a new, better approach to classroom management. Before going any further, the importance of and need for classroom behavior management should perhaps be highlighted. According to Oliver & Reschley (2007), positive educational outcomes are better achieved in a trouble free environment. Climate of a classroom may not ensure the achievement of all educational goals, but it definitely helps in the process (Belvel, 2010). 1.1 Behavior Management in classroom Behavior management of students is today’s biggest challenge faced by teachers, especially at levels K 3-7(Partin, 2009). Teachers have the ability to influence student’s behavior both, positively as well as negatively (Partin, 2009). Research has shown that interventions in management strategies especially at K 5 and K 6 Level are very effective in behavior management and academic achievement is enhanced as a result (Abbott, et al; 2010). ... Changes need to be inducted in the teaching practices within classroom settings to ensure smooth running of any classroom (Abbott, et al; 2010). Belvel (2010) argues that teachers should transit their roles from classroom managers to classroom leaders as the first step in adopting a new, better approach to classroom management. Before going any further, the importance of and need for classroom behavior management should perhaps be highlighted. According to Oliver & Reschley (2007), positive educational outcomes are better achieved in a trouble free environment. Climate of a classroom may not ensure the achievement of all educational goals, but it definitely helps in the process (Belvel, 2010). 1.1 Behavior Management in classroom Behavior management of students is today’s biggest challenge faced by teachers, especially at levels K 3-7(Partin, 2009). Teachers have the ability to influence student’s behavior both, positively as well as negatively (Partin, 2009). Research has shown that interventions in management strategies especially at K 5 and K 6 Level are very effective in behavior management and academic achievement is enhanced as a result (Abbott, et al; 2010). 1.2 Reinforcement (and consequences) Research over the past few decades has shown clearly that reinforcement helps in maintaining class control, managing behavior of the students and yielding academic achievement (Porter, 1961; Hall, et al; 1968). Basic explanation of the process of reinforcement is one that follows a behavior, making the behavior more likely to occur again. Agents with whom reinforcement is brought about can be in many forms (Peters, 2010). Partin (2009) has suggested a hierarchy of reinforcers. The

Future of Rural Communities Essay Example for Free

Future of Rural Communities Essay Will today’s small rural towns be the ghost towns of tomorrow? Will what’s now a moderately busy main street be overtaken by grasses and tumbleweeds? According to the CEDS â€Å"Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy†, which was compiled in 2003 by the South Central Economic Development District, Franklin County ranks last in housing unit counts, wage and salary income, employer establishments. County population has declined over 34% from 5,449 in 1960 to 3,574 in 2000. Is the future of Franklin, Nebraska a steady decline with an end as a ghost town in the future? Franklin has a chance to reverse this trend with lots of community involvement, and by taking immediate action. There are many obstacles in the way of meeting the goal of making our small communities more livable and desirable. In the case of Franklin, there is a core group that has been in charge for many years and that is not easily convinced of the need to change. â€Å"Why change what has worked for many years? is only one of the questions that are heard many times. People don’t understand that in order to attract new families to move into our community, there has to be something to draw their attention to the area. Resistance to change is one of the greatest obstacles people that try to introduce change to small towns face (Gorman). Here in Franklin, ideas are often turned down, only because they may have come from an â€Å"outsider†. In this small town, everyone that has not been born in the community or in the next few towns up or down the river valley is an outsider. Unfortunately a distrust of strangers and their motives can be a great hindrance when making an effort to encourage growth. Massive change in a community often requires a great financial effort, and funds that are not readily available to communities. Often the city council votes against a project because of lack of money in the community. They are unaware that there may be grant money available for community improvement projects, or that someone in the community may feel strongly enough about a project to finance it with a donation. Problems must be dealt with honestly in order to find solutions that work. To turn ideas into concrete plans, a professional economic planner may be needed. There may be people within the community that are already equipped to do the necessary research and work with the many State-run and private organizations that are available to assist with rural development. Another option is to get together with other towns that may face the same problems, or have already taken forward steps to becoming a thriving community. Another secret to success lies in supporting existing businesses and encouraging entrepreneurs to follow their dreams (Brhel 1). A local bank that is open to working with new and existing businesses can be a great asset in keeping businesses in town and gaining new business ventures. Filling empty storefronts on main-street and keeping existing businesses open is a vital part of keeping downtown alive. Making a plan for business succession is another priority. There needs to be a plan for what happens when owners of existing businesses retire, in order to keep these businesses from permanently closing. Isolated counties may not be able to attract large businesses, due to a lack of skilled workers. It may be wise for small towns in these counties to attract families with an array of recreational opportunities. (Duggan, 12) Many workers are not tied to their office anymore; telecommuting and the internet give them the choice to live where they want to live. Making a community an interesting place with many recreational opportunities and marketing these opportunities can interest new families. The promise of affordable living with a great quality of life could act as a magnet to newcomers. There are many requirements that have to be met in order to turn a small rural town around. It takes people with a vision to see a potential in such a town. The community needs to pull together and find a group of volunteers that are also concerned with the community’s progression (Brhel, 2). It helps to find volunteers that are involved only in a limited amount of activities, since â€Å"professional volunteers† are often stretched so thin that they do not have the necessary time and energy that needs to be invested in community activism. A strong leader is needed to encourage volunteers but who is also able to deal with city and state officials. Franklin has found such a strong leader in Jim Gorman, who only moved to town about three years ago, after marrying Randee Emerson, a longtime Franklin resident. After living here in the community for a while he noticed that there are many individuals within our community that are quite willing to work hard for the community. He also noticed that there are many civic and other organizations in town that are basically idle or inactive. He founded the County Stimulation Initiative for Franklin County (CSI Franklin), an organization that is concerned with stimulating the growth, and improving the health and well being of our community on an economic and quality of life basis (Gorman). Jim Gorman is active in a number of organizations that have the economic growth of rural towns at heart. His activism in this town is strengthened by his being associated with the South Central Nebraska Economic Development District, a consortium of twelve rural Nebraska counties who see improving rural economies as a regional rather than purely local issue(SCEDD). CSI Franklin is what Gorman calls his group. They have already taken action in modernizing some signs at the local museum, and are now working on new museum exhibits and on the preservation of current artifacts. The Franklin Museum now also offers broadband internet access that was made possible with the help from Glenwood Communications. A new community website will help market the city of Franklin, and hopefully instill an interest in people to relocate to this area. Gorman states he hopes that by marketing our fantastic hunting opportunities, and our wonderful quality of life, marketing the modern workplace with broadband internet access for telecommuters and new businesses, people will be attracted to this area, and we will see an influx in people moving to this area. Possible future projects include restoration and renovation of the Dupre Music Hall, a historic building in the middle of the Franklin City Park and the Lincoln Hotel, a three story structure that was built in 1918 and is in dire need of repair. Both buildings are not usable at this time, but would make wonderful community centers. Making either one of them useable would be a great enrichment to this town. It would also instill a sense of pride in the people of this town, which might make them more likely to volunteer for community improvement projects. With a handful of dedicated volunteers, a good leader, and a solid plan, Franklin has a good chance of not only survival, but may even have the opportunity to flourish. There are many resources available to us and we need to make good use of them. Organizations like CSI, SCEDD, the University of Nebraska Rural Initiative are there to assist with these activities, and people like Jim Gorman are essential in reaching our goals.

Effect of Age on Self-Descriptions and Characteristics

Effect of Age on Self-Descriptions and Characteristics A small scale study involving two children aged 8 and 16 to recognise aspects of Rosenberg’s findings on how a child’s self-descriptions and characteristics change with age. Abstract This study examines the theory of Rosenberg (1989) that the characteristics of a child’s self-description changes with age. Namely, the researcher investigates how a child describes themselves changes with age as a result of experience, social interaction and knowledge. A primarily qualitative analysis with some quantitative analysis was carried out on two pre-existing semi structured interviews of two children a boy aged 16, and a girl aged 8. Using Rosenberg’s (1979) categorical analysis, in part the results showed that age does play a part in how a child’s self-description changes with age and an older child is more likely to focus on emotions and inner feelings when talking about themselves as opposed to a younger child who is more likely to focus of external behaviour and characteristics. Introduction This study aims to understand the relationship between how individual talks about themselves, and how these change with age thus creating their own identity. Identity is how a person views themselves and how others view that person. Initial work by Cooley and Mead ( 1902) found evidence that people build their own identity based on reactions of others towards them and that that children could not form a sense of self without feedback from others,† ( as cited in Meill Ding, p. 134 ) He referred to this as the â€Å"looking glass self†. Evidence was drawn from the â€Å"feral child case† whereby, a young boy was discovered living in the wild but had limited understanding of the world around him lacking in social skills due to minimal interaction with others. (Meill Ding, 2005) (Lewis, 1961) found evidence to support Cooley and Meads (1902) initial findings and theorised that a true sense of self happens over a period of time and changes dependant of a child’s age. The theories of Lewis (1961) consisted of two stages, the self as an object, (the categorical self) consisting of the characteristics that define an individual age, gender, name and the relationship that child has with others. The second stage (the existential self) refers to the self as a subject and this is gained as a result of personal development, experience and the social connections with others. (Maccoby, 1980) suggested that â€Å"building an identity and achieving self-awareness is a long term project† (as cited in Meill et al, p.131) and that children cannot form a true sense of oneself without feedback from others, therefore could not fully develop without the two aspects working together. Bannister and Agnew (1977) found that as children get older they become more accomplished at recognising themselves mentally from others, and additionally as they become older become better equipped at seeing themselves in a more distinctive way. Younger children have a tendency to depict and separate themselves by using physical characteristics and behaviours whereas older children rely more on mental characteristics and feelings. Following on from these ideas Rosenberg (1979) put forward his own theories. Rosenberg (1979) noted that as a child gets older they describe themselves with more internal qualities such as personal beliefs, feelings, emotions, attitudes, state of mind, wishes and insider facts and they were less likely to use character attributes to characterise themselves. The Younger children’s descriptions were more to do with interpersonal attributes such as external behaviours, descriptions and characteristic’s. Harter (1983) also found that the aspects that children talk about change with age. She reviewed interviews of children talking about themselves; she found that younger children tended to focus objective facts and external behaviour whereas, as the children got older the focus shifted to internal factors such as personal beliefs, feelings, emotions and attitudes. This study is aimed to demonstrate how a child perceives them self by self-description and how the characteristics they display change with age by using Rosenberg’s Categories of analysis. It is predicted that the differences between how Annie and Adam describe themselves should be significantly different with the younger child Annie, displaying more external characteristics and the older child Adam displaying more internal and personal characteristics within the meanings of the research question â€Å"who are you? (Meill et al 2005) Method Design The two children a boy aged 16 and a girl aged eight who were interviewed separately were asked to write up to 10 statements about themselves. One of the children, Annie the six year old girl was only able to write six so those six were just taken into account. The data was analysed for Rosenberg’s concept of Developmental Trend of Self Awareness and Rosenberg’s categories were applied to this data. Then the â€Å"Locus of Self Knowledge† was Considered and analysed and a theme on the â€Å"self† was identified using thematic analysis. Participants The participants (an eight year old girl and a sixteen year old boy) from Milton Keynes were provided by the Open University which obtained consent from the participants to use the interviews for research purposes. The study involved some quantitative analysis but it is primarily a qualitative study. The participants were interviewed separately by two different interviewers who were not previously known to the participants. Materials and apparatus The researcher an Open University psychology student, analysed the pre-existing material (the two semi structured interviews) comprising of a DVD. (The Open University, 2005 video band 3, self-concept interviews) and a transcript provided by the OU with the time taken with responses also recorded from beginning to end. The transcript provided the conversation between the interviewer and the child from start to end. Procedure Rosenberg’s categories were used in the analysis of the interviews referring to the DVD and transcripts noting the researchers own perception the themes of Rosenberg (1989) they were physical, the character, relationships and inner. These were identified on a category analysis form (see appendix 2 3) which were used to mark and record the different themes identified. The second part of the analysis involved the locus of knowledge and analysing the results separately then to conclude thematic analysis was applied to see if there were any reoccurring themes within the data. The interviewers examined the same subject theme of â€Å"who are you?† ( Miell et al, 2005) Ethical Issues The data collection complied with the BPS of code of ethics. Informed consent was obtained from the participant and their parents (for children under 16) The Interviewer made sure that the participants did not suffer from any physical or psychological harm as a result of their research. The children were fully briefed on the procedure and reminded of their right to withdraw at any time. The participants were debriefed at the end and thanked for their participation. No ethical issues were raised. Results Self-Description Table 1. A comparison of Annie and Adam‘s Categories of self-description (see appendix 1) The aim of this study was to see if the content of Annie (8) and Adam (16) interviews’ reflected a difference in the descriptions of one’s self (see table 1.) Adam as predicted, made 100 % more Inner statements compared to Annie, which supports Rosenberg’s theories that an older child would focus more on descriptions of Inner feelings than a younger child. It was also predicted that Annie (the younger child would have scored higher in the Physical category. 67% of her answers fell into the physical category compared to Adams 40 %. It was expected that as an older child the physical category would have had a lower score, but Adam enjoys the physical side of his life and is very active with sport etc. Surprisingly, Adam also scored 100 % higher than Annie in the Character category. According to Rosenberg’s theories, it was to be expected that the younger child Annie would have scored higher in this category. If the participant pool had been on a larger scale this may well have been the case. Locus of self-Knowledge Despite the difference in age and gender both children agreed, (when questioned who would know best, themselves or their respective mothers) that it would be their mothers who would know best. There was consistency in the way the questions were asked to both children but the answers were for different reasons. Adam showed displays of inner concepts in his answer that his mother probably would know best and gave emotional justifications for this â€Å"she always seemed to be in control of situations particularly his schooling.† He gave another example of this when he described his mother at parents evening and â€Å"how they could predict what the other was thinking.† (Theory of mind) Annie of the other hand laughs and gives a more simplistic explanation of her mother claiming she just â€Å"knows best† as if that is what was to be expected as she was the parent. However, how close a family is bonded or a sense of a more established sense of inner self could also explain both their reasoning in their answers. Themes Identified Two themes that were identified using thematic analysis were gender differences, although both sexes enjoyed football, it was viewed by both the participants as a traditionally male sport. The second theme that was identified was self-awareness of one’s self and both participants described how they thought they would be described by others. Discussion The aim of this study was to see if the content of Adam and Annie’s interviews reflected a difference in the descriptions of themselves, to identify the locus of knowledge and in addition any of themes. Adam said â€Å"when he’s older, he would like to be a leader, or something with power, and I’d been really strong as a leader.† (Referring to When he was football captain (25.33) which suggests that he still regards himself as developing and growing. This provides evidence for Harter (1983) theory that as a child gets older the focus shifts to more internal factors such as personal beliefs, feelings, emotions and attitudes. However Annie said â€Å"I love rabbits, guinea pigs and dogs† (3.36) which is a simple external statement and can be linked back to Rosenberg (1979) theory that Younger children were more likely to describe interpersonal attributes Although it appears that both children are able to express themselves Adam wrote ten â€Å"I am â€Å"statements whereas Annie only wrote six. This may suggest that a younger child may be more limited to expression of themselves. Both Annie and Adam acknowledge when asked â€Å"who would know best, themselves or their mothers? â€Å"That indeed, their mothers would probably know better than themselves and they both trust their respective parental judgement. This is referred to as the locus of knowledge. The two themes that were identified were gender and self-awareness. Adam refers to his passion about football (2.18) â€Å" if I am just walking with my friends and see a football match I will stop and watch it, if it’s on TV I’ll watch it, and I will stop what I am doing if someone asks me to play† He pinpoints when his passion started (2.57) when his† father first gave him his very own ball â€Å" There is a sense of pride in the way he speaks about his father giving him this ball , as if it is a male bonding between them. Annie has also identified that football is traditionally a male hobby. She refers to herself ( 11.24) As â€Å" being the same as Georgina because we are both tomboys and we love football â€Å" Even at six years old Annie has come to forma belief about the notion of masculiNIty and feminINity. Evidence from (Maccoby, 1980) suggested that â€Å"building an identity and achieving self-awareness is a long term project† (as cited in the early development of identity, p.131) and those children cannot form a true sense of oneself without feedback from others. The second theme that was identified was self-awareness. Annie identifies herself as being â€Å" a kind person, and if you got to know me you like me† ( 18.32) and Adam describes his interest in clothes and how his friends perceive him for working in the shop â€Å" they are always impressed with me â€Å" ( 8.53) These statements link to that of Lewis ( 1961) who found that â€Å" a true sense of self happens over a period of time and changes dependant of a child’s age Which consisted of two stages, the self as an object, (the categorical self) and the later second stage (the existential self) which was gained as a result of personal development. There are limitations when using discourse analysis as it is problematic when trying to evaluate the findings of research as the interpreter may not have correctly interpreted the meanings of the participants which raise the issue of intercoder reliability or another interpreter may have coded the answers differently. One of the problems that did arise within this study is validity as the comparison is it a not like for like comparison as Adam gave ten â€Å" I am â€Å" statements but Annie only gave six so there was a methodical flaw to begin. In order to improve on the methodology of this study, the participant number in each age group could be increased to take into consideration individual differences between children. Also it would be interesting to interview children from different cultures to see if that made a difference in the findings. This study shows partial support for Rosenberg (1979) findings as Adam (16) focussed on Inner feeling, Physical characteristics whereas Annie (6) focussed more on physical characteristics and relationships. It was to be expected that Adam would have scored higher than Annie in the relationship category although this study did not allow for individual and developmental differences, what had been learnt socially and the closeness of the individuals family unit. The younger child did use more self-descriptions than the older child in the relationship catagory which offers partial support Rosenberg’s findings. Conclusion To conclude, the findings show partial support for Rosenberg (1979) theories with evidence that self descriptions change in stages as a child matures with different aspects of identity being more significant at different ages and stages with the focus shifting from external characteristics of a younger child to the inner feelings and beliefs of an older child as a result of knowledge and experience. There is room for more research to be done in this area by using a larger participant pool and children from other cultures. References: Bannister, D. and Agnew, J. (1977) (as cited in The Open University, 2013, ED209, Tam 04 practical available from: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=345577section=1.2.1 (Accessed Feb 2014) Cooley, C.H Mead, G.H. (1902) as cited in Ding, S and Meill, D (2005) p.134. Ding, S Meill, D, (2005) â€Å" The early development of identity† in Ding, S and Littleton, K. (eds) Childrens Personal and Social Development, Oxford, Blackwell, The Open University. George, R., Oates, J. and Wood, C. (Eds) (2006) Methods and Skills Handbook, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Harter, S. (1983) as cited in Ding, S and Miell, D (2005) p.129 Lewis, M. (1961) as cited in Ding, S and Meill, D (2005) p.132. Maccoby, E. (1980) as cited in Ding, S and Meill, D (2005) p.130. Rosenberg (1979) (as cited in The Open University, 2013, ED209, Tma 04 practical available from: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=345577section=1.2.1 (Accessed Feb 2014) The Open University (2006) ED209 Child Development, Media Kit Part 2, Audio Band 3: Self Concept Interviews. Appendices: Appendix 1. A comparison of Annie and Adam’s categories of self-description. Appendix 2. Category Analysis form for Annie. Appendix 3 Category Analysis form for Adam.

True Human Nature Exposed in Lord of the Flies Essay -- Lord of the Fl

True Human Nature Exposed in Lord of the Flies       The island in Lord of the Flies represents "a microcosm of human society." Stranded on an island where no definite authority is to be obeyed, the boys quickly forget the social standards that their parents have impressed on them. Eventually, the wildness of their ids cannot be suppressed. They lose their pride as "British boys" and choose their leaders, their social groups, and their lifestyles with their basic instincts rather than with practicality. Fear and superstition rule the island instead of the laws of science. Without the constant pressure of society's expectations, the boys display the fundamental elements of human nature in the way that they choose to live.    In society, a constant struggle exists between what people want to do and what they need to do. If Freud's ideas about the human mind are correct, those who stress the former are more strongly controlled by their ids. Those whose lean more towards the latter are controlled by their ego. The government tries to enforce rules while the people struggle for more freedom. This is plainly displayed in how Ralph and Jack fight for the loyalty of the other boys. Ralph promises rescue, which works for a time. However, Jack promises them fun. People would rather have pleasure than security. The boys cannot see the importance of following the rules. In society, people have a similar problem. Everyone desires to be "liberated from shame and self-consciousness." Unfortunately, this inclination is not always in their best interest.    Humans will always separate themselves into groups based on appearance and similarities. The boy automatically separate themselves into "biguns" and "littluns." The older c... ...s in self-defense, Jack tells them "I told you- he's dangerous." This type of manipulation is common in human society, particularly when a fight for power is involved.    In human society, people will do what comes easiest. They will be manipulated and mistreated before they start to think for themselves or to act as individuals. This is shown well by the boys in The Lord of the Flies because boys have not yet suppressed their basic natures as completely as adults have. The thoughtless attitudes that the boys have is common in human society, even if adults pretend otherwise.    Works Cited Baker, James R.   William Golding, A Critical Study.   New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. Golding, William.   Lord of the Flies.   New York: Harcourt, 1962. Riley, Carolyn, ed.   Vol. 1 of Contemporary Literary Criticism. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1993.

What Sustainability Issues Will Arise from the Large Scale?

What sustainability issues will arise from the large scale adoption of electric cars? With the recent introduction of the electric car into Ireland, I am going to outline some of the sustainability issues that will arise from their large scale adoption. The car has already received backing by the government who have recently announced their plans for the induction and eventual change over to electrically powered vehicles. What is an Electric Car? An electric car, is a vehicle which like the typical cars seen throughout the world, has four wheels, doors, windows and a roof.The difference between the typical common car and the electric car, comes when you look at the power source, in the common car an Internal Combustion Engine is used to convert fuel (generally unsustainable fossil fuels like diesel or petrol) to mechanical energy, the Electric Car uses electric motors powered by batteries or an onboard fuel cell. The common car with its Internal Combustion Engine has advantages and d isadvantages; the cost to purchase a car with an internal combustion engine compared to an electric car is lower, as there is the ability to mass produce a product which is still in huge demand.In today’s world oil derived fuel is accessible and relatively cheap to the consumer, as the infrastructure is already set up to enable the simple and quick refuelling of the car. The negative side to the common car is the fuel which it used, all of the fuels for Internal Combustion engines are derived from oil. The worldwide production of oil has peaked and oil production is now dwindling, this is not easily seen by the consumer purchasing the fuel who might be oblivious to the fact.With an increasing demand for oil and an ever decreasing supply it is becoming more and more difficult and expensive to produce oil which is useable, oil is now so valuable that there are wars over supplies. Another negative side to the Internal Combustion engine is its inability to convert the energy from the fuel into usable mechanical energy, during the combustion process the fuel is converted to useable mechanical energy but there is also heat and noise energy given off, this is an unwanted waste of fuel.The issue of harmful gas emissions when the oil fuel is burned is another major downfall with the Internal Combustion engine, as when the fuel is combusted it releases carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide as well as hydro carbons and ozone. Some of these gases are toxic and harmful to humans but the big issue is with the carbon dioxide emissions, as it contributes to global warming or â€Å"the duvet effect† which is an ongoing problem throughout the world.Transport powered by fossil fuels is responsible for 20% of Carbon Dioxide emissions worldwide. It is the sustainability issues of the common car’s Internal Combustion engine which sparked the need for the development of a new way to travel, the electric car which has come out on the top of the list for new more sus tainable transport methods. Different types of Electric cars An electric car is a vehicle that is powered by simple electric motors, how the electricity to run the motor is created or stored can vary.The most common type of electric car is one which has a large or a number of smaller batteries which stores electricity from an external power supply, generally the mains electricity grid. The other more sustainable type of electric car is one with an onboard power station, capable of producing its own electricity. A hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen to produce electricity through the process of electrolysis, the combination of hydrogen and oxygen creates an electric current and gives off a by-product of water.As hydrogen is the most abundant element on earth, there is a sustainable supply of fuel, the only problem with hydrogen is the difficulty faced when harnessing and storing the fuel. Hydrogen generally comes bonded to other elements; this chemical bond is difficult to break, after harnessing the pure hydrogen it has to be pressurised and turned into a liquid for easy transportation. Although the process seems complicated it is no more complex than extracting oil from the sea bed, which is being done on a daily basis to fuel the Internal Combustion engines already on the roads today.The hydrogen fuel is similar to petrol or diesel, it is a liquid when put under pressure. The pressure is the other problem with hydrogen, but with simple modifications the infrastructure already in place for existing fuels like petrol and diesel, the hydrogen fuel could become main stream without difficulty and relatively quickly. Government Plans: New charging points, at parking spaces The Irish Government announced their campaign for the future, they plan to have 10% of all cars powered electrically by the year 2020.The 10% target was first announced in the Carbon Budget, presented by Minister for the Environment John Gormley in October 2008. In order to make this a viable plan the Government have collaborated with the Electricity Supply Board (ESB) and have developed a simple way of charging (refuelling) the battery powered electric car away from home, as the battery will lose its charge after a long journey leaving the driver with no way home. The charging points are small, American style parking meter design which the car is simply parked beside and plugged in left to charge.The first four of these charging points have been set up in Dublin and unveiled by the ESB in March 2010, a further 1500 charging points are due to be put in place in Dublin, Limerick, Galway, Cork and Waterford. The Government see it as their priority to have these charge points throughout the country, unlike other countries who just seem to focus only on the big cities which are densely populated, their plan includes the immediate inclusion of all towns with a population of over 1500 people, with the expectation for nationwide coverage after the success of the initial phase.The ch arge points will come in different types, varying in power rating which affects charge times. The higher power charge points are expected to charge a battery in 20 minutes; these high power points are to be set up to replace filling stations along side motorways for â€Å"in journey charging† e. g. driving from Dublin to Cork. These high power â€Å"juice points† are expected to be put in place every 60km. The mid range points give a 2-3 hour charge, and will be placed at typical parking places e. g. charge while shopping or at work.The standard charge point with similar power to the standard socket found in the home, charge time at lower power should take 6-8 hours e. g. overnight charging at home. The Government expects to have 2000 electrically powered cars on the roads by 2011, and are implementing tax breaks for enthusiasts who purchase the more sustainable and environmentally friendly electric cars; there will be a grant of up to â‚ ¬5000 and also Vehicle Regi stration Tax (VRT) excluded, this combined with road tax exclusion would bring the electric car price down low enough to compete with the price of the common car with its Internal Combustion Engine.The grant aids will be in place for a maximum of 6000 cars, after which the scheme to get the high efficient cars on our roads would be seen as a success. With these tax breaks, a tax shortfall is foreseeable, combined with an expected cost of â‚ ¬39m to subsidise the first 2000 cars. The cars set for the Irish market come from Renault-Nissan, which limits the choice to a small number of cars. The Renault Fluence(left) and the Nissan Leaf (right) are the two models set for the Irish market, drastically reducing the choice which the consumer is used to.Renault is leasing the battery which powers the car for a price of â‚ ¬100 per month, whereas Nissan are still not sure if they are even going to include the battery in the price of the car. This will reduce the attractiveness of the c ars, and further increase the costs. Production of the electricity to power the cars In order to make the Electric Car sustainable, the electricity used to charge the battery would have to come from a sustainable and clean source. Ireland’s electricity at the moment comes from a range of power stations, with only 11% of the electricity coming from renewable sources.The majority of the country’s electricity comes from dirty unsustainable fossil fuelled power stations. This unsustainable electricity would be supplying the power to recharge the batteries of the electrically powered cars, which would eliminate the some benefits of carbon neutrality from the electric car. This table shows where all of Ireland’s electricity comes from; in order for the electric car to be a complete success the supply of electricity must also be sustainable.The electric car company Tesla say that in the worst case scenario the car would only be producing 80g/km of CO2, even with the el ectricity coming from inefficient source, which is still lower than the most efficient Internal Combustion Engines available today. With Irelands high potential for wind energy production soon to be further exploited, the conversion from oil fuel to electrical could be seen as a change to self-sufficiency, not having to rely on ever declining supplies from the east.Effect of batteries, lifespan and replacement. In a conventional Internal Combustion Engine there are over 1000 moving parts, making it susceptible to break down or fail. In order to keep these types of engine in good working order, regular servicing and maintenance has to take place. In the electric car their drive train is a simple electric induction motor which has only one moving part which greatly reduces the need for servicing and lowers maintenance costs.The batteries used in electric cars vary greatly depending on the size and weight of the car, a modern lightweight ZEBRA battery which makes use of new technologie s and ideas, is one type being used in a range of vehicles. A ZEBRA battery of 0. 12m3 and 184kg is capable of delivering double the energy of the old lead-acid battery of 0. 19m3 and 525kg; this enables the car to be lighter which reduces the amount of energy needed to make the car move.The ZEBRA battery has been thoroughly tested and demonstrated a lifespan of over 14 years, with no gassing or self discharge; this means the battery is maintenance free. Lithium Exports in 2008 Lithium Imports in 2008 Lithium production in the future The sustainability of the Lithium in the batteries is another issue which will have to be faced when considering the large scale adoption of electric cars. Lithium is already in high demand to power the many million mobile phone and laptop batteries in use around the world.Japan, China and South Korea have 98% of the worlds Lithium battery production. China is importing almost half of the raw Lithium with a plan to produce their own when the demand is t here; they feel that it is still cheaper and easier to import it presently. The huge demand for Lithium has sparked the need for research into new alternative ways of producing it. South Korea has announced its plans to commercially extract Lithium from sea water by 2015, but there is much doubt around the idea, as there is not enough demand to cover the enormous cost of desalinising huge volumes of sea water.The idea of extracting the Lithium from the sea water could become mainstream in a number of years when the consumers demand increases. Seoul has also set aside $12bn for attainment of the raw materials from Bolivia, which is believed to have the world’s biggest deposits at the â€Å"Salar de Uyuni† salt flats in the Altiplano plateau of the Andes Mountains. The salt flats have a thick crust of salt which covers a pool of brine, which is rich in lithium. It is expected to contain 50 to 70% of the world's lithium reserves.Bolivia is one of the poorest countries in South America but has over half of the world’s reserve of Lithium; the extraction of the raw material could be the boost which the countries needs. The production of the Lithium would create employment for local communities, and revenue for the country giving improving the country’s economy. Often times with the extraction of raw materials, as seen worldwide, it is only the companies who see the profits, leaving the local communities out.The local flora and fauna is often exploited and driven out of their habitat, which can lead to extinction. Although the salt flats are almost lifeless there are some animals and plant life which frequent the area, Flamingos are one of the birds which use the flats as a breeding ground in early winter, these extravagant birds which get their beautiful colour from the food they eat which are native to the salt flats. Many of the dominant countries have already allocated vast amounts of money to secure a steady supply of Lithium by buyin g into Bolivia reserves.Piles of Salt after extraction Salty brine from which the Lithium is extracted The Bolivian flag flying above Salt flats Alternatives to Lithium New studies being conducted, have found that Zinc-Air battery technology is proving to be a viable alternative to Lithium Ion batteries. The Zinc-Air idea is in early stages of development and production, and is expected to enter the market on small scale in products like hearing-aids; if it proves successful there are plans in place to upscale the technology to mobile hones and laptops and further to electric cars. The research so far has brought about some promising findings for the Zinc-Air technologies; it has the potential to deliver three times the power of the Lithium Ion battery, with reduced size and weight. Lithium-Air is another technology with expected potential for electric cars, but is only in early stages of development and won’t be ready for large scale production in the near future. Performanc e, Maintenance of the engine, and lifespanThe electric car, unlike its predecessor with hundreds of parts, makes use of simple electric motors with only one moving part. This greatly reduces the amount of expected problems. The car itself will need maintenance, tyres and lights etc. Retraining the mechanics- The mechanics already trained to service and maintain common cars, would need their qualifications upgraded to deal with the electronics of the electronic car. Although the technology in the battery powered cars is straightforward, some further training would be needed to ensure the safe maintenance of electrical equipment.Appearance/Types- Performance- Standard internal combustion engine cars are rated with bhp and torque whereas the electric motor has a kWh rating, but they are related. The prejudice connected with the electric cars, is that they are slow and won’t be able to do all of the things typical oil fuelled engines can do. With the electric motor delivering all of its torque all of the time acceleration is no problem, 0-100km in 3. 7s faster than a petrol guzzling Porshe 911 GT-3. Peoples trust in the new technologyWith all new technologies comes doubt, people are often afraid of change and feel that things need time to prove themselves. The technology used in the electric vehicle has been around for decades seen as early as 1835 used in public transport. Over the years has become more refined and efficient, it has now switched its focus from public transport, where it is already in use, to the individual types of transport which causes so much pollution 20%-25% of CO2 emissions. The electric car is therefore not new technology as the base on which it has been developed has been in use for already.This proving time should enable the immediate adoption of the electric car as there should be no prejudice. Tesla’s flagship, high performance roadster Tesla model S, 2012 family saloon Disposal of cars when finished, how much can be recy cled The battery in Tesla’s electric car have a long lifespan of 160,000 kilometres before it begins to lose its ability to charge and discharge at the efficiency needed to keep the high up the cars high performance. The cells for the Tesla battery are made in Japan, where the environmental laws are strict and products have to meet the RoHS standards.The RoHS bans the placing on the EU market of new electrical and electronic equipment containing more than agreed levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. This means that there are no heavy metals or toxic materials allowing the battery to be land filled in a worst case scenario. Tesla batteries can be reused in other less demanding applications, off grid storage or load levelling when the demand for electricity is low but it is still production.This is a huge problem faced by power stations as there is huge costs involved chang ing power output between peak times. The batteries will eventually lose their ability to hold charge completely, at this stage they will need to be disposed of. Specialist companies have been set up to recycle batteries from electric vehicles, Kinsbursky Brothers an environmental management company and Toxco the world’s largest recycler of lithium batteries have teamed up to form the most efficient recycler of electric cars. The batteries are shredded and separated into their original elements, some of which can be reused in new batteries and other products.